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Customers will cover this - higher mortgage rates and lower deposit rates etc
And the average Aussie thinks the banks are getting their comeuppance - when they themselves are the victims
New Levy + Australia-wide Banking downgrade + Australian Housing debt = lots of negative vibes
S&P cites risk of sharp correction in property prices as it cuts 23 lenders' ratings
http://www.smh.com.au/business/banki...22-gwa6pd.html
Moody's say Australian bank performance steady, but latent risks rising in household sector
http://www.reuters.com/article/brief...-idUSFWN1IJ00L
Fitch: Australia Budget Negative for Banks but Impact Manageable
http://www.reuters.com/article/fitch...-idUSFit998955
ANZ on NZX down 3c today, up 3c where it really matters, on ASX. Dare one suggest (hope?) that the downgrades have now been largely digested by the markets?
:mellow:
yeh, a 5.7 billion annual profit so an estimated 245m levy is pretty insignificant. especially as folks say, it will be passed on to customers.
its all those assets that are the problem huh? $1,154b of them according to a back of the envelope calculation. return on those is pretty abysmal. wouldnt take much of a % loss in those to smash that profit.
discl no holding.
Statement to shareholders https://www.nzx.com/files/attachments/258875.pdf
ends with
ANZ is well positioned to continue delivering for shareholders and all our other stakeholders. :p
Anyone know the key dates for the DRP?
Never-mind..
"The Acquisition Price used in determining the number of shares to be provided under the DRP and BOP in connection with the 2017 Interim Dividend is the arithmetic average of the daily volume weighted average sale price of all fully paid ANZ ordinary shares sold on the ASX during the ten trading days commencing 12 May 2017, and then rounded to the nearest whole cent but if the fraction is one half of a cent the amount is to be rounded down to the nearest whole cent. In order to be effective, election notices from ordinary shareholders wanting to commence, cease or vary their participation in the DRP or BOP for the 2017 Interim Dividend must be received by ANZ's Share Registrar by 5.00 pm (Australian Eastern Standard Time) on 10 May 2017."
Pay date Record date Dividend (AUD) Australian Franking level NZ Imputation
Credits per
Ordinary Share
(NZD)[1]DRP price
(AUD)
03/07/2017 09/05/2017 80¢ Fully franked @ 30% NZ 9 cents $28.80
It would be much appreciated if you could explain the best ways for a potential nz investor to buy into ANZ.
I am totally ignorant but am considering buying-would be my first venture into an overseas company and am hesitant because I perceive the lack of imputation credits disadvantage NZ investors
You are right - while ANZ offers some imputation credits (for their NZ earnings), it is just crumbs compared to many other NZ based business.
However - at the end it is the bottom line which counts, and if you get the timing right, than ANZ can be a nice little earner. However - not really a hold and forget share.
Easiest way to buy them in NZ is on the NZX - they are the same shares as the Australian ones ... Only disadvantage I see (compared to ASX) - lower volumes (i.e. if you want to sell them really fast (and others want that, too), than the NZX might be a less suitable place.
Discl: don't hold at current.
Happy it looks like I won't have to stump up cash as part of some capital raise. I don't have the cash at the moment!
Will it be three days in a row for jumbo increases? Hope so, like to head into the weekend on a high.
I was reading in the SMH and someone said there could be the use of improved DRP to keep more capital in the company. So if you elect into the DRP you get a bigger discount on the shares you pick up to avoid paying these funds out to increase the capital held. I'd love this but I'm not sure my understanding is correct? Happy holder and DRP participant in any regards
The thinking here is that the banks won't need to raise additional capital through share issues but will be able to gradually increase levels, in line with gradually rising required ratios, through retained profits and DRP's, if necessary by offering discounts on the DRP price. Most DRP plans allow directors some discretion to apply, and to vary, such a discount at their discretion.
UDC sale unlikely now
http://nzx-prod-s7fsd7f98s.s3-websit...300/272218.pdf
Probably can't blame Jacinda
Only to the extent that the OIO is now under notice to take a more thorough look at such applications. From ANZ's viewpoint it's more of an irritant to their programme to divest activities outside their core interests. I note that it doesn't impact on the planned $1.5b share buyback.
Now I need someone much smarter than me to help out - not exactly a high hurdle I am adding here haha
Now lets say I get $1,000 ANZ dividend from my NZX listed ANZ share and I am a NZ tax resident. I effectively lose the franking credit (I'm assuming this is Australian term for Imputation credit). Is there a way to make use of this? Anyone got a work around tax wise? Can i sell the NZX share and buy ASX and get any advantage by being non resident in Australia?
Thanks mate - I've got an appointment with my accountant to go over everything so this will be added into the mix
Kind of old news, but ANZ returning capital from recent asset sales via share buy back program. Looks to be the best option from a NZ tax perspective, rather than say a special dividend where you would not get full imputation.
https://thewest.com.au/business/bank...-ng-b88693605z
Not waiting for any price now. Not looking to buy at the moment. I'm doing the part of the Hokey-kokey where you put your left foot out - so mostly out now of most things :)
The following information can be found in UDC's FY2017 annual report.
The 'profit before tax' is listed as $85.710m (p3). But this includes a provision for credit impairment of $5.929m which I would remove to get the picture of ongoing operational performance. So I get EBT of $91.639m.
Now go to note 3 (p11) on interest expense. There is underlying interest over and above what is due to debenture holders of $38.655m.
So total underlying EBIT = $91.639m + $38.655m = $130.294m (+22% on FY2016)
Now turn to page 12 (note 6) and you will see total net loans and advances of: $2,911.594m (a 13% rise on FY2016).
The operating margin ( EBIT/'Total Net Loans and Advances' ) based on the end of year loan balance book is:
$130.294m/$2,911.594m = 4.48%
Put in context, the operating margin over the last few years has gone like this:
Operating Margin FY2017 4.48% FY2016 4.17% FY2015 4.63% FY2014 4.41% FY2013 4.02% FY2012 3.87%
To Summarize: Operating Profit (EBIT) for FY2017 is up strongly, but this is largely due to the much higher interest bill being paid, outside of the the interest due to debenture holders. If you look at note 8, you will see that UDC debenture holders have pulled over $500m out of the company over FY2017. I see this as a significant loss of confidence by the investing public in UDC. This loss of confidence was perhaps precipitated by an announced sale to HNA of China, before that deal was pulled. The credit rating of UDC is now BBB (as assessed by Standard and Poor's) with a negative outlook. This is a very large fall from the AA- rating the company had just one year prior!
The loss of debenture support has been more than made up by the ANZ bank doubling its own capital support for UDC. In November 2007 this facility was further increased to $2,700m by UDC's owner the ANZ bank. At this level, all the remaining UDC debenture holders could be repaid! Since the company is now largely dependent on the ANZ bank to obtain borrowing capital for survival, it is not clear to me that a potential full 'sale' of UDC to another outside buyer by ANZ remains a meaningful proposition.
SNOOPY
UDC is dependent on commercial banks providing finance. The commercial bank doing this at the moment is ANZ bank. This could be substituted for another single commercial bank (If they were happy with this level of exposure to a single entity or were the trade buyer) or a group of banks. The key assets are the existing lending book, UDC's name and systems which keep the lending book at this size or growing. This is what you sell.
I take your point Scrunch. The point I was trying to make was that the commercial bank funding facility available over the last five years has looked like this
'As Announced' End of Financial Year Commercial Bank Funding Facility available Commercial Bank Funding Facility used Debenture Funding 2014 $800m $395m (49%) $1,569m 2015 $1,000m $280m (28%) $1,736m 2016 $1,800m $595m (33%) $1,592m 2017 $2,700m $1,385m (51%) $1,039m
Apparently the downstream effect of the pending (now cancelled) HNA sale (coupled with the UDC credit downgrade) caused a large reduction in the rate of renewal of debentures. The ANZ stepped in and has propped UDC up by supplying any extra credit required. But the mere fact that more bank backup is required would suggest to me the extra cost of the commercial bank funding now required would reduce the value of the UDC as a sales prospect.
If the new buyer (or buyers if UDC ends up being floated) keeps the ANZ as the back up commercial financer, that means the ANZ still retains a substantial exposure to the loan book. So I am not sure if 'selling' UDC would achieve much from an ANZ perspective in this instance.
SNOOPY
UDC Heartland EBT Loan Book EBT/Loan Book EBT Loan Book EBT/Loan Book FY2009 $34.024m $1,829.156m 1.86% FY2010 $45.012m $1,968.771m 2.29% FY2011 $46.382m $1,948.552m 2.38% FY2012 $58.476m $2,014.473m 2.90% $29.377m $2,078.276m 1.41% FY2013 $66.787m $2,065.117m 3.23% $36.540m $2,010.376m 1.82% FY2014 $83.501m $2,272.081m 3.68% $57.416m $2,607.393m 2.20% FY2015 $89.750m $2,347.163m 3.82% $76.304m $2,862.070m 2.67% FY2016 $88.835m $2,573.030m 3.45% $87.689m $3,113.957m 2.82% FY2017 $91.639m $2,911.514m 3.15% $99.568m $3,545.897m 2.81%
Note:
1/ UDC data for FY2017 is drawn from the 'UDC Finance Annual Report 2017' 'Statement of Comprehensive Income' (EBT) and 'Balance Sheet' (Loan Book Balance).
2/ Heartland Bank data for FY2017 'Statement of Comprehensive Income' (EBT) and 'Statement of Financial Position' (Loan Book Balance).
3/ All EBT figures are before 'credit and impairment charge'.
Note that the absolute figures year to year are not comparable between UDC and Heartland. This is because Heartland has a physical branch structure whereas UDC works out of ANZ bank branches. The underlying cost structures of both protagonists are not the same.
The individual company year on year trend is interesting though. The EBT Margin for UDC continues to decline, even as the previously improving Heartland EBT margin stabilises. Is the unusually large increase in the loan book size ('growth any any cost' to pump up a potential company sale price?) at UDC compromising the profitability for UDC going forwards?
SNOOPY
Time to normalise the UDC figures for 2017 so they can be compared more directly with the likes of Heartland Bank.
Heartland in FY2017 had selling and administration expenses of $71.684m (Heartland FY2017 report 'Selling & Administration Expenses', note 5). UDC had total operating expenses of $32.427m (UDC Financial Statement 2017, note 4). That is a difference of $39.257m. The two are comparable in that they have a similarly sized loan book (UDC:$2,911.514m, Heartland $3,545.897m). If we add the operating cost difference figure onto the UDC cost structure, what would that do to the UDC operating margin (EBIT where 'I' is the credit facility interest only) on assets?
FY2017: ($130.294-$39.257+ $9.002)/$2,911.514 = 3.44%
Note: UDC do not have a branch network of their own, but operate through ANZ bank branches in New Zealand. The $9.002m added back represents the adding back of 'fees paid to related parties' (ANZ). These are part of the $39.257m 'extra operating expenses' (calculated above, using figures from Financial Statements 2017, note 4). The $9.002m could be thought of as a contribution to the ANZ branch network that allows UDC to carry on business as normal. But what I am interested in is the difference in operating cost of a finance company with and without a branch network. So this $9.002m which largely reflects a 'branch network allowance payment' must be removed from my comparison.
For Heartland over FY2017 the equivalent calculation of EBIT (where 'I' represents interest paid not connected to debenture holders, and E represents the earnings before write downs) is as follows:
($99.568m+$25.714m) / $3,909.945m = 3,20%
This recent year trend in the underlying margin at UDC and Heartland is compared below:
EBIT Margin UDC EBIT Margin Heartland FY2017 3.44% 3.20% FY2016 3.07% 3.48% FY2015 3.53% 3.71% FY2014 3.37% 3.00% FY2013 2.58% 2.65%
In this context, FY2016 looks like a negative aberration for UDC. But the EBIT margin for Heartland is showing a declining pattern over the last three years. With UDC up for sale, could the earnings figures for UDC have been manipulated upwards over FY2017 in what is in reality a softer market? 'Earnings' in this context is a special kind of EBIT in which I have eliminated impairment charges. So I have removed the ability to reclassify assets as problem assets, and the ability to manipulate the company's bank loan structure to influence this earnings result. The principal driver of this EBIT is therefore revenue and this is almost impossible to manipulate. Consequently I don't believe the UDC figures are subject to manipulation.
SNOOPY
HNZ (FY2017) UDC (FY2017) Agriculture Forestry & Fishing: $836.977m (21.3%) $547.780m (18.4%) Mining: $19.006m (0.5%) $15.091m (0.5%) Manufacturing: $76.445m (1.9%) $59.203m (2.0%) Finance & Insurance: $395.804m (10.1%) $70.125m (2.4%) Retail & Wholesale Trade: $188.941m (4.8%) $367.256m (12.3%) Households: $1,717.407m (43.7%) $820.382m (27.5%) Property & Business Services $347.776m (8.8%) $171.163m (5.8%) Transport & Storage: $179.016m (4.6%) $442.523m (14.9%) Other Services: $169.867m (4.3%) $482.258m (16.2%) Total $3,931.239m (100%) $2,975.781m (100%)
Note:
1/ Heartland loans pre impaired asset adjustment. UDC loans post impaired asset adjustment.
The Heartland loan book has grown by 14% over FY2017 (ended 30-06-2017) , compared to a 12% growth over at the UDC loan book over the nearest equivalent period (FY2017 ended 30-09-2017).
At UDC, the press release highlights were motor vehicle lending increasing by $261 million (+28%), commercial lending growing by $51 million (+4%) and equipment dealer lending was up $12 million (+7%). Curiously those categories do not equate to the category loan disclosure made in the UDC annual report. Yes 'Household Lending' was up by $180m but Transport and Storage was actually down $18m. So I would guess that most of the increase in motor vehicle loans were made via retail car yards. The largest dollar increase in any category was $53.5m for 'Agriculture Fishing and Forestry' (up 11%). Curiously UDC chose not to highlight this.
At Heartland, the proportion of Rural Loans continues to increase, now 21.3% of the total up from 19.7% in FY2016, 17.6% in FY2015 and 16.1% in FY2014. Of the current 21.3% of rural loans, 8 percentage points of those relate to dairy (up from 7 percentage points in 2015). So Heartland offers the most financial exposure to 'rural' of any listed entity on the NZX, and it is getting bigger both in real and percentage terms! 'Household' which encompasses Consumer, Reverse Mortgage and Residential Mortgage saw the Consumer subset of loans grow 14% (+$112m), the majority of that growth seeming to be Motor Vehicle loans ( +$72m). However, we then learn that there has not been a consummate rise in earnings due to 'lower earnings rates on Motor Vehicles and Personal Loans'. Reverse mortgage growth has been significant, +12% ( $42.5m) in NZ and +19% ($83.6m ) in Australia. Ironically strong growth in reverse mortgages will continue to put a capital strain on Heartland because it means this subset of the operation remains cash flow negative.
There are early signs that the strategy of doing more business across all sectors 'on line' will be good for Heartland profitability going forwards.
SNOOPY
Is there any easy way to move my ANZ holdings from NZX to ASX? Would rather not have to pay fees both ways if I can. Reason is I want them to sit with all the other ASX shares - and more liquidity too if I ever need to sell
Check to see whether the dividends are imputated in NZ.
If you are a NZ resident, Australian franking credits are of no use to you.
If you are with Craigs they will shunt(shift) them ,no charge.
ANZ dividends are partially imputed for NZ Shareholders.
Correct. But it makes no difference as an NZ shareholder if you hold ANZ shares on the NZX or ASX. You still get to claim the NZ imputation credits and you can't use the Aussie franking credits no matter what market you choose to hold your ANZ shares on.Quote:
If you are a NZ resident, Australian franking credits are of no use to you.
Also just because you hold ANZ shares on the NZX do not assume that the advice ANZ give you about what to do with your shares is NZX friendly. To get around the Australian capital gains tax, some Australian companies offer so called tax effective buybacks which are a disaster for NZ based shareholders. Not only are NZ shareholders not eligible for the attached Australian franking credits. The shares bought back are classed as a dividend for NZ purposes which means that any capital returns using this method end up being fully taxable in NZ shareholders hands. But Australian companies have no obligation to point this out to NZ shareholders and generally they don't.
SNOOPY
OK so from all these comments I take the following: Makes no difference except ASX has more liquidity for these stocks?
Time for my annual 'disentanglement' of ANZ.NZ from its UDC subsidiary. The information I need about the ANZ bank in New Zealand can be found here:
https://www.anz.co.nz/about-us/media...r-information/
UDC and ANZ New Zealand have the same balance date. So it is legitimate to work out the distribution of loans on their respective books using 30th September end of year data. First I need to:
1/ Slightly rearrange the ANZ (NZ) categories (ANZ September 30th 2017 Bank Disclosure Statement, p30) so that they link up to those listed in the UDC FY2017 Financial Statements. THEN
2/ I need to subtract the UDC equivalent figures (page 18, UDC FY2017 Financial Statements) to get the underlying ANZ bank figure.
(Note: Receivables for UDC in industry groups are listed after provisions for credit impairment are taken into account. OTOH, receivables for ANZ.NZ industry groups are listed before allowances for credit impairment are taken into account. This means the UDC figures are lower than they would be on a 'like for like' comparative figure basis. However the error is only 1.0% overall, not enough to undo the validity of this exercise in my judgement)
The results are below:
All ANZ.NZ = UDC + Underlying ANZ.NZ Agriculture forestry, fishing and mining: $20,727m (11.6%) $563m (18.9%) $20,164m (11.4%) Business and property services: $34,614m (19.3%) $171m (5.8%) $34,443m (19.6%) Construction: $2,772m (1.6%) $409m (13.8%) $2,363m (1.3%) Electricity Gas Water & Waste: $3,581m (2.0%) $12m (0.3%) $3,569m (2,0%) Finance and insurance: $20,834m (11.6%) $70m (3.3%) $20,764m (11.8%) Government and local authority: $11,201m (6.3%) $0.6m (0.4%) $11,200m (6.4%) Manufacturing: $4,696m (2.6%) $59m (2.0%) $4,637m (2,6%) Personal & Other lending: $71,031m (39.7%) $858m (28.8%) $70,173m (39.8%) Retail and Wholesale: $7,260m (4.1%) $390m (13.1%) $6,870m (3.9%) Transport and storage: $2,403m (1.3%) $443m (14.9%) $1,960m (1.1%) Total: $179,119m (100%) $2,975m (100%) $176,144m (100%)
As was the case last year, notwithstanding the shuffling of disclosure with the reclassification of the ANZ.NZ loan categories, the loan allocation of ANZ.NZ with UDC removed, is little different the loan allocation of the whole of ANZ.NZ. This is no surprise. The whole of the UDC loan book is only 1.6% of the ANZ.NZ loan book. And ANZ.NZ itself (which you cannot invest in directly) is only a fraction of the whole ANZ operation which is the ANZ vehicle listed on the NZX. However, the converse is not true.
UDC is very different from ANZ.NZ. In percentage terms:
1/ the Agricultural exposure of UDC is double,
2/ 'Construction' and 'Transport and Storage' exposure are up by nearly a factor of 10, AND
3/ 'Retail and Wholesale' exposure are higher by a factor of 4.
The volatility of these 'industry groupings' is testament to UDC being a much greater investment risk than any investment in ANZ itself.
The following inter-year table shows how UDC is funded by its 100% owner ANZ
UDC: Backing For Loans FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 UDC Shareholder Capital $341.412m (15.6%) $365.462m (14.6%) $423.247m (16.2%) $485.645m (16.7%) ANZ Committed Credit Facility (Note 8) $280.000m (12.8%) $395.000m (15.8%) $595.000m (22.8%) $1,385,027m (47.6%) Debenture Investments From Public (Note 8) $1,569.247m (71.6%) $1,736.026m (69.5%) $1,591.711m (61.0%) $1,039.133m (35,7%)
There is a very significant change happening with the role of debenture holders in funding UDC much reduced as the ANZ parent seemingly looks to take over that role. Debenture holders no longer have any guarantee that their debentures will not be repaid early - a big negative for some debenture investors.
SNOOPY
ANZ have re-jigged their breakdown of loan categories for FY2017. These do not exactly line up with the loan categories for ANZ's subsidiary UDC. So some rearrangement of categories is required to line them up. Below is my take on how to do it.
ANZ.NZ UDC Category 1 Agriculture Agriculture Forestry & Fishing Forestry Fishing & Agricultural Services Mining Category 2 Manufacturing Manufacturing Category 3 Electricity, Gas, Water & Waste Services Electricity, Gas & Water Category 4 Construction Construction Category 5 Wholesale Trade Retail & Wholesale Retail Trade & Accommodation Accommodation, Cafes & Restaurants Entertainment, Leisure & Tourism Category 6 Transport, Postal & Warehousing Transport & Storage Category 7 Finance & Insurance Services Finance, Investment & Insurance Category 8 Public Administration & Safety Government Administration & Defence Professioinal NZ Services Category 9 Rental Hiring & Real Estate Services Property & Business Services Category 10 Households Personal & Other Services All Others Education Communications Health & Community Services
SNOOPY
PS Now I can use this categorization to finish my previous post!
HNZ (FY2017) UDC (FY2017) Agriculture Forestry & Fishing: $836.977m (21.3%) $547.780m (18.4%) Mining: $19.006m (0.5%) $15.091m (0.5%) Manufacturing: $76.445m (1.9%) $59.203m (2.0%) Finance & Insurance: $395.804m (10.1%) $70.125m (2,4%) Retail & Wholesale Trade: $189.141m (4.8%) $367.356m (12.3%) Households: $1,717.407m (43.7%) $820.382m (27.6%) Property & Business Services $347.776m (8.8%) $171.163m (5.8%) Transport & Storage: $179.006m (4.6%) $442.523m (14.9%) Other Services: $110.747m (3.2%) $482.158m (16.2%)
Total for Heartland $3,931.2m (100%) , with the collectively impaired assets yet to be adjusted for. This equates to a loan book YOY growth of 14.3%.
Total for UDC $2,975.8m (100%), with credit impairment already adjusted for. This equates to a loan book YOY growth of 12.1%.
Looking at the year on year figures, comparing each company to itself one year earlier, I am struck by the following observations:
1/ Heartland's rural loan book grew by 23% YOY. UDC's rural loan book only grew by 11% YOY. Are Heartland continuing to be more generous in rolling over marginal rural loans? Provisioning in rural was much reduced (from $3m to just $0.3m). .
2/ Heartland's 'finance & insurance' book grew by 17% YOY, more than wiping out last years reduction.. UDC's 'finance & insurance' book fell by 20% YOY. In big picture terms, finance and insurance is far more important to Heartland (10% of all business vs only just 2.4% for UDC).
3/ UDC are very up front that financing construction is part of their business mix. Heartland do not report 'construction' as a separate business category. So I have combined UDC's 'Construction' figures into the broad 'other services' basket.
UDC construction loans totalled $408.987m at EOFY2017, up from $355.757m at EOFY2016, and represent a not insignificant 14% of the total loan book. This construction increase of 15% YOY in dollar terms, is now ahead of the average 12.1% YOY growth for the whole of UDC, - partially making up for the PCP slide. If UDC is representative, this indicates a much for favourable year of construction in the year ended 30th September 2017. Will this continue post the election of the Labour lead government?
To conclude this comparison, 'the raw table data' would suggest to me that UDC would be less exposed to an economic downturn, because the proportion of loans to 'Households' is lower. However, add back the $178m difference 'Retail and Wholesale' and the $409m in 'Construction' (with no separate Construction disclosure for this at Heartland) ,totalling $584m, (Retail and Construction are both fast responders to a Consumer downturn), and there may not be much difference, The enduring difference between the two is the much greater difference between 'Transport and Storage' in favour of UDC (17.4% of all loans verses 4.6% for Heartland) . This, despite Heartland increasing their exposure fivefold to this sector over the FY2017 financial year.
SNOOPY
A question, Snoooy. Are you using UDC's "Agriculture, Fishing and Forestry" numbers in arriving at an 11% YOY growth rate for UDC's rural loan book? If so, I would suggest that their lending to this sector is heavily weighted towards the Forestry part. UDC have "traditionally" had a major share of the business of financing forestry machinery/loggers and such. On the other side of the category, I suspect that their involvement in other parts of the rural sector are comparatively modest, being left largely to their bank parent.
Yes. I am not aware of any publicly declared information that breaks down 'Agriculture Fishing and Forestry' for UDC further.
Thanks for that insight. Forestry is still cyclical, albeit with a longer time frame between 'planting' and 'harvest' compared with a farmed animal. Forestry machinery / loggers would be likely purchased by contractors rather than forest owners. I guess that forest owners could postpone their harvesting by a couple of years if the price of logs really tanked. But whether the forestry contractors could or would adjust their equipment purchasing behaviour because of that is a question that I don't know the answer to.Quote:
If so, I would suggest that their lending to this sector is heavily weighted towards the Forestry part. UDC have "traditionally" had a major share of the business of financing forestry machinery/loggers and such. On the other side of the category, I suspect that their involvement in other parts of the rural sector are comparatively modest, being left largely to their bank parent.
SNOOPY
Updating the actual bad debt write offs in relation to the size of the loan book at the end of FY2017. Section 7 in the UDC 2017 Financial Statements is named "Provision for Credit Impairment". Bad debts actually written off are compared against the 'provision for loan impairment' stated on page 3, the 'Statement of Comprehensive Income'.
UDC Bad Debt Write Off (Note 7: Provision for Credit Impairment) New Annual Bad Debt Provision (Income Statement) FY2010 $17.343m FY2011 $4.891m FY2012 $10.164m $6.031m FY2013 $12.399m $7.123m FY2014 $3,300m +$18.633m = $21.933m $11.733m FY2015 -$0.659m + $12.162m= $11.503m $10.427m FY2016 $1.297m + $11.055m = $12.352m $7.418m FY2017 -$2.860m + $7.698m = $4.838m $5.929m
Actual write offs look to be in a range of $10m to $12m, excluding the spike from FY2014 and the unusually low figure in FY2017.
Putting these 'actual write offs' as a percentage of the end of year loan book gives them better context Note that:
1/ the 'actual write offs' are found in the annual change of the holding provision for bad debts and do not directly correspond to the top up expenses for this provision that may be found in each annual income statement.
2/ the denominator is the 'carrying value' of the Net Loans and Advances, This has already been adjusted for the provision for credit impairment, unearned income and deferred fee revenue and expenses.
FY2012: $10.164m/$2,014.473m = 0.505%
FY2013: $12.399m/$2,065.117m = 0.600%
FY2014: $21.933m/$2,272.081m = 0.965%
FY2015: $11.503m/$2,347.163m = 0.518%
FY2016: $12.352m/$2,573.030m = 0.490%
FY2017: $4.838m/$2,911.514m = 0.166%
For FY2017, UDC has easily the lowest percentage of write offs for the last five years.
For comparative purposes, it is informative to look 'over the fence' to Heartland Bank. See Note 6 (AR2017) to work out the latest details of 'impaired asset expense' as follows:
FY2012: $5.642m
FY2013: $22.527m
FY2014: $5.895m
FY2015: $12.105m
FY2016: $13.501m
FY2017: $15.015m
Note that unlike UDC, Heartland writes off uncollectible debts or part debts directly from each annual profit result. I will now normalize these against the 'total finance receivables'. 'Total finance receivables' are already adjusted for any provision for impairment and the present value estimate of future losses (AR2017, Note 11).
FY2012: $5.642m/ $2078.3m = 0.271%
FY2013: $22.527m/ $2010.4m = 1.12%
FY2014: $5.895m/ $2607.4m = 0.226%
FY2015: $12.105m/ $2862.1m = 0.423%
FY2016: $13.501m/ $3114.0m = 0.434%
FY2017: $15.015m/ $3546.0m = 0.423%
Summarizing and comparing the above information:
UDC Debt Write Off Heartland Debt Write Off FY2012 0.505% 0.271% FY2013 0.600% 1.12% FY2014 0.820% 0.226% FY2015 0.518% 0.423% FY2016 0.430% 0.434% FY2017 0.166% 0.423%
The question that rears its ugly dead from the above data table is as follows:
Why is the impairment percentage so much lower for UDC in FY2017 compared with UDC's past year results? Perhaps we had a really low impairment year? But if that was true, we might expect a similar reduction in impaired loans over the same time period from the closely comparative Heartland. This didn't happen. I do note that UDC was put up for sale over the FY2017 financial year and it would have been helpful to show the accounts in their best possible light leading up to any sale. So were the impairments at UDC for FY2017 really that much lower? Or has some 'window dressing' gone on here?
That is a point to ponder for potential investors, if UDC is floated on the sharemarket soon!
SNOOPY
Further to Macduffy's enlightening post on Agricultural Financing, I had assumed UDC 'Construction' referred to maximising the returns on loans on some undercapitalised Auckland property developers who had been turned down at bank shop front level, but shunted across to UDC as a 'safety net' to avoid them becoming the prey of mezzanine financiers. However on reflection (and because I have never heard of UDC financing a property development) I now think it is far more likely that UDC is financing concrete mixers, bulldozers, dump trucks and scrapers in their 'Construction' loan segment.
SNOOPY
Yes, I would think that there would be a fair bit of machinery/equipment financing in the Construction number but, going back a long time now, it wasn't unknown for finance companies such as UDC to be financing property development. Given the paucity of such competitors these days, I would expect that UDC would be able to be very selective in choosing to finance good projects.
Note 10d (page 18 UDC Financial Statements for FY2017), lists the internal risk grading of the loan assets on a scale of 0 to 9. On this scale 0 is the lowest risk while 9 means a default.
UDC Vulnerable Loans Judgement Total Grade 6+ 2012 $975.744m +$80.745m +$55.403m $1,111.892m 2013 $1,157.111m +$83.790m +$24.814m $1,265.715m 2014 $811.700m +$92.366m +$34.883m $938.949m 2015 $904.338m +$81.156m +$32.640m $1,018.134m 2016 $1,127.677m +$96.727m +$17.657m $1,242.061m 2017 $1,201.747m +$133.791m +$11.618m $1,347.156m
The grade 6 and 'more risky' categories for EOY2017 added up represents a fraction of the total loans outstanding as follows:
$1,347.156m / $3,005.059m = 44.8% of total loan assets.
The Credit impairment provision on the books, not yet removed from the above total, is noted as $29.278m (note 10d)
========
For comparative purposes it is interesting to see what happens when we take the same statistics for Heartland bank. The situation is not strictly comparable because Heartland has a different credit risk system for so called 'Behavioral Loans'. Behavioral loans consist of consumer and retail receivables usually relating to the financing of a single asset.
OTOH 'Judgement Loans' are graded on the 1-9 system. Grade 1 represents a 'Very Strong' loan. Grade 9 represents a loan 'At Risk of Loss'. Grade 6 represents a loan that should be monitored. A 'Judgement loan' within Heartland consists mainly of business and rural lending, including non-core property, where an ongoing and detailed working relationship has been developed.
The grade 6 and 'more risky' categories of 'Judgement Loans' plus the equivalently vulnerable 'Behavioural Loans' sum up to a total amount of Heartland Vulnerable Loans' represent a fraction of the total loans outstanding as follows:
$241.486m / $3,575.613m = 6.75% of total loan assets.
Some impairment ($25.865m) (Note 19e) has already been taken onto the book over the years. Add to this a reverse mortgage fair value adjustment of ($3.851m) This total impairment of $29.716m represents
$29.716m / $241.486m = 12.3% of the Grade 6 (monitor) and below grade assets.
Heartland Vulnerable Loans Behavioural Judgement Total Arrangement Non Performing Repossession Recovery Grade 6+ 2012 $13.750m $4.386m $2.740m $185.315m +$53.360m +$14.036m +$13.741m $287.118m 2013 $8.416m $2.226m $1.936m $198.370m +$18.034m +$21.518m +$27.761m $278.051m 2014 $7.571m $2.113m $2.113m $165.776m +$14.833m +$13.520m +$3.412m $159.338m 2015 $15.855m $3.087m $3.687m $99.849m +$14.937m +$4.514m +$7.082m $149.011m 2016 $14.923m $6.507m $7.171m $125.902m +$20.434m +$16.904m +$12.188m $204.029m 2017 $18.512m $4.956m $4.889m $166.155m +$27.669m +$16.749m +$2.556m $241.486m
A summarized comparative table between UDC (Year ending 30th September) and Heartland (Year ending 30th June) is below:
UDC Heartland Impaired Loans (A) Grade 6+ Loans [total Vulnerable](B) (A)/(B) Total Loans (C) (A)/(C) Impaired Loans (A) Total Vulnerable Loans (B) (A)/(B) Total Loans (C) (A)/(C) 2012 $38.481m $1,111.892m 3.46% $2,141,780m 1.79% $27.426m $287.118m 9.55% $2,105.702m 1.30% 2013 $37.460m $1,265.765m 2.95% $2,198,653m 1.70% $50.491m $278.051m 18.24% $2,060.867m 2.45% 2014 $31.805m $938,899m 3.38% $2,375.936m 1.34% $24.381m $159.338m 15.3% $2,651.754m 0.919% 2015 $31.529m $1,018,134m 3.10% $2,461.224m 1.28% $31.654m $149.011m 21.2% $2,893.724m 1.09% 2016 $28.909m $1,242.061m 2.33% $2,684.750m 1.08% $26.148m $204.029m 12.8% $3,140.106m 0.833% 2017 $29.278m $1,347.156m 2.17% $3,005.059m 0.974% $29.716m $241.486m 12.3% $3,575.613m 0.831%
SNOOPY
What is a 'Stressed Loan'? For the purpose of this discussion, I have a special definition.
Stressed Loan Definition UDC Heartland 1/ Take loan total from categories 7 and 8 a/ Take loans at least 90 days past due. 2/ add 'Default' loans b/ add Loans individually impaired. c/ add Restructured assets. (*) 3/ less Provision for Credit Impairment d/ less Provision for Credit Impairment.' 4/ equals 'Total Stressed Loans' e/ equals 'Total Stressed Loans''
(*). (Note that from FY2017 ' Restructured Assets' are now not reported on by Heartland.)
A 'Stressed Loan' can be thought of as a kind of 'Vulnerable Loan', as previously described, but with the Impairment provision taken out. There is no overlap between a 'stressed loan', as defined here, and the amount of money written off each year in bad debts. But yes, 'Stressed Loans' are very much a judgement call by management.
They may
1/ recover,
2/ stay stressed or
3/ have to be written off.
As a shareholder in either ANZ (owner of UDC) or Heartland:
1/ I would hope that management would have a robust process that identifies problem loans before they have to be written off.
2/ So as a shareholder, I would hope such loans were seen as 'stressed' before being classified as 'impaired' and certainly before an actual write off was declared.
How does one check that this is what happens in reality? One way could be to look at the 'stressed loans' for both companies on an annual trending basis and see how this compares with the equivalent annual trend in write offs.
Heartland
The column (W) lists the actual dollar amount in bad debts written off over that period, as detailed in AR2017 note 19e.
The key point to note here is that the 'impaired loan expense' / 'write offs' (represented by letter 'W' in each case) only occur:
1/ when the impaired portion of the loan has gone through the whole loan review system'. AND
2/ when a loan repayment has been missed, or a non payment is imminent
Heartland Date 'Stressed' Loans on the books (X) Net Financial Receivables (Impairments deducted) (Y) (X)/(Y) Write Offs (W) Gross Financial Receivables (Z) (W)/(Z) EOHY2012 $87.728m $2,075.211m 4.23% $12.138m+$1.685m $2,104.591m 0.66% EOFY2012 $90.489m $2,078.276m 4.35% $14.636m+$3.180m $2,105.702m 0.85% EOFY2013 $48.975m $2,010.393m 2.43% $6.679m+$1.961m $2,060.867m 0.42% EOFY2014 $41.354m $2,607.393m 1.59% $35.258m+$3.260m $2,631.754m 1.46% EOFY2015 $39.066m $2,862.070m 1.36% $1.555m+$1.910m $2,893.704m 0.12% EOFY2016 $37.851m $3,113.957m 1.21% $12.010m+$6.653m $3,135.203m 0.60% EOFY2017 $38.341m $3,545.896m 1.08% $2.140m+$9.531m $3,567.191m 0.33%
Note: During FY2016 'Heartland New Zealand Limited' and 'Heartland Bank Limited' combined into a single listed entity.
UDC
I have redefined the 'Total Financial Assets' as listed in note 10d to be 'Net Financial Receivables', because they have already had their 'Provision for Credit Impairment' deducted (netted off).
UDC Date 'Stressed' Loans on the books (X) Net Financial Receivables (Impairments deducted) (Y) (X)/(Y) Impaired Asset Expense (W) Gross Financial Receivables (Z) (W)/(Z) EOFY2011 $126.218m $2,007.012m 6.29% $15.103m $2,049.504m 0.74% EOFY2012 $96.670m $2,102.299m 4.60% $10.164m. $2,141.780m 0.47% EOFY2013 $86.877m $2,161.193m 4.02% $12.399m $2,198.653m 0.56% EOFY2014 $95.364m $2,344.131m 4.07% $21.933m $2,375.936m 0.92% EOFY2015 $82.267m $2,429.695m 3.39% $11.503m $2,461.224m 0.47% EOFY2016 $85.475m $2,655.841m 3.22% $12.352m $2,684.750m 0.46% EOFY2017 $116.131m $2,975.781m 3.90% $4.838m $3,005.059m 0.16%
Discussion
In the case of Heartland, the 'stressed loan' percentage is consistently going down. However, the actual write offs per year do not show an obvious correlation to the same year's 'stressed loan' figure. In FY2014, for example, the quantum of write offs are almost equal to the quantum of stressed loans. Yet one year later (FY2015) the write offs are only less than one tenth of the stressed loans. Will the case of FY2016 and FY2017, where stressed loans are two to three times the amount actually written off become the new norm?
.
In the case of UDC, the stressed loans look to float around at 4% of the total, much higher than the Heartland equivalents of recent years. For FY2017 only, the 'Impaired Asset Expense' to 'Gross Financial Receivables' is startlingly low, even as the stressed loans jumped up. A one year aberration? Despite making my own interpretation of how to define a 'stressed loan' at UDC - to bring the number more into line with what happens at Heartland - the stressed loan percentage at UDC remains stubbornly high in comparison. UDC loans are perhaps more heavily weighted towards 'working equipment' which may not have much 'fire sale' value during a business downturn. So could it just be in the nature of the UDC business that management need to keep a really close eye on a large portion of their loans? How they do this, while using a skeleton staff compared to Heartland, remains a mystery to me!
What would I like to see in these figures? If you accept that:
1/ When a loan is written off it is largely too late to fix it, AND
2/ The overall number of write offs can be contained (it is inevitable that in any lending organisation, some loans will have to be written off)
THEN I am interested in how management deals with 'stressed loans' before they get to that stage.
My concern is that the write offs at UDC over FY2017 are exceptionally low, and there is an unusual incentive for management to project the result like this (UDC is up for sale). Write offs are also down at Heartland over the comparable period (which could indicate a favourable market to lenders), but not by as much. The percentage of 'stressed loans' at UDC remains significantly comparatively higher than Heartland. There are a couple of ways to interpret that:
Either:
1/ UDC staff remain 'exceptionally diligent' in reviewing stressed loans (as assessed by UDC) and this policy is leading to lower and lower actual write offs.
2/ UDC are being exceptionally lenient in classifying some loans as stressed when really they should be wholly or partially impaired or maybe even written off.
I would have expected more 'exceptional diligence' from Heartland, simply because they have more staff. The Heartland pattern of reducing 'write offs' coupled with reducing 'stressed loans' does make a plausible narrative. But I am concerned that some of those UDC stressed loans may be a little more stressed than UDC management are letting on. It is hard to be definitive about one year's results. In the meantime I would be cautious in assessing the UDC write off picture.
SNOOPY
From note 6 (Net Loans & Advances) the resultant UDC provisions on the books with reference to the whole EOFY2017 loan book is:
$29.278m /($2,911.594m+$29.278m+$169.965m+$6.486m) = 0.94% of gross value loans on issue
(As an aside, the annual provision for loan impairment at UDC (page 3 UDC Finance Annual Report 2017) is $5.929m. This is down 20% on the high previous year figure of $7.419m from FY2016.)
------
The figures for ANZ New Zealand, suitably disentangled from UDC are (using note 13: 'Net Loans and Advances' based on ANZ New Zealand's September 30th 2017 update to the Reserve Bank are (link to reference below).
https://www.anz.co.nz/resources/9/0/...df?MOD=AJPERES
($579m-$29.978m)/ ($120,539m -$2,912m)= 0.47%
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Compare that to Heartland (HBL AR2017, Note 11 'Finance Receivables' )
($25.865m+$3.852m)/ $3,575.613m = 0.83% of gross value of loans on issue.
-------
Multi year trends of the above statistics are in the table below
FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 UDC: Loans Impaired/Gross Value of Loans 1.55% 1.31% 1.25% 1.05% 0.94% ANZ.NZ excluding UDC: Loans Impaired/Gross Value of Loans 0.88% 0.67% 0.56% 0.53% 0.47% Heartland Bank: Loans Impaired/Gross Value of Loans 2.45% 0.93% 1.09% 0.83% 0.83%
The above table shows the significant impaired asset divergence between a mainstream bank, like ANZ, and second tier lenders - like UDC and Heartland - is significant and ongoing. There is an interesting correlation apparent between the ANZ parent bank and its subsidiary UDC. The UDC verses ANZ impaired loan percentage looks to be tracing a path that maintains a 2:1 difference between the relative preponderance of impaired loans, with UDC having the higher number. But both are downtrending over the last five years. The level of Heartland impaired loans looks to have plateaued, albeit at a slightly lower level than UDC.
SNOOPY
One year on and we look at the chances of default for ANZ.NZ mortgages and ANZ.NZ other retail loans.
http://www.anz.co.nz/about-us/media-...r-information/
(The following tables are updated from page 54 of the ANZ NZ September 30th 2017 Reserve Bank disclosure, and the percentage numbers represent the probability of default).
For retail mortgages: 30-09-2012 For retail mortgages: 30-09-2013 For retail mortgages: 30-09-2014 For retail mortgages: 30-09-2015 For retail mortgages: 30-09-2016 For retail mortgages: 30-09-2017 Grades 0-3: 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% 0.2% Grades 4: 0.46% 0.46% 0.46% 0.46% 0.46% 0.46% Grade 5: 0.93% 0.93% 0.93% 0.92% 0.92% 0.92% Grade 6: 2.12% 2.11% 2.04% 2.02% 2.00% 1.98% Grade 7,8: 5.35% 5.40% 5.24% 5.27% 5.13% 5.02%
For other retail: 30-09-2012 For other retail: 30-09-2013 For other retail: 30-09-2014 For other retail: 30-09-2015 For other retail: 30-09-2016 For other retail: 30-09-2017 Grades 0-2: 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% 0.1% Grades 3-4: 0.29% 0.29% 0.30% 0.26% 0.26% 0.26% Grade 5: 1.10% 1.12% 1.13% 1.00% 0.99% 1.01% Grade 6: 2.50% 2.67% 2.60% 2.39% 2.11% 2.18% Grade 7,8: 10.07% 11.25% 9.56% 8.79% 7.86% 8.06%
This is a very general assessment of risk in the New Zealand loan market, as seen by the ANZ bank. Of most interest is how these figures change 'year to year', and the simple answer to that is 'not much'. Yet retail mortgages are edging down to be less and less likely to default at the hight risk grade level. Is this just a product of a flat interest rate outlook, with interest rates sitting at all time lows?
For 'other retail' there is a slight uptick in default risk Is that a hint that the good times for business cannot continue forever?
Another observation: The really good quality 'loans for stuff' are less likely to default than the very good quality loans for houses. I wonder what the explanation could be for that?
SNOOPY
Simple.
People need a car to get to work.No work,no pay.No pay,no anything.
Told you that years ago on HBL thread.
Or you can't dig without your digger,or carry logs without your truck,etc.
That might just be the answer Percy. Or if we go back to the old wild west days the equivalent would be:
"You can drive a man off his land, but don't you dare try to take that horse from under him!"
OR considering we are talking about the 'top of the credit ratings' here:
"You can drive a good man off his land, but don't you dare try to take that good horse from under him!"
Going back to that ANZ default loan table, once the credit ratings go south, the 'house' becomes more valuable than the 'car' again. So the expression becomes.
"Get that bad man off the land and whip that donkey out from under him!"
I am not sure what happens if our 'bad' cowboy has 'bad land' but still has a 'good horse' though. I have a feeling it might be the job of the other sheriff to deal with that guy.....
SNOOPY
You are on to it..!!
Was thinking about you and NIM...
Not sure whether it is so true today, but a few years ago there were a huge number of people who had money with banks ,in no interest accounts.Cheque accounts etc.A large number had between half a million dollars and one million dollars in them.It was about the time Trust Bank floated,and I think you got priority if you were a large depositor with Trust Bank.
What sort of NIM would you achieve should you lend at 6% and pay 0% for funds,.???????
Magic.
Love to know if the above is still true today.
Today I want to update the ANZ New Zealand banking covenants for September 30th 2016 quarter (corresponding to the EOFY). ANZ New Zealand includes their wholly owned subsidiary UDC finance.
The document I am referencing is the:
"ANZ bank New Zealand Limited Annual Report and Disclosure Statement for the year ended 30th September 2017, Number 87 issued November 2017"
Page 50, note 26 contains the information on capital adequacy.
The information supplied is as follows:
Common Equity Tier 1 ratio: 10.7% (vs RBNZ minimum of 4.5% + 2.5% buffer)
Total Tier 1 ratio: 14.1% (vs RBNZ minimum of 6.0% + 2.5% buffer)
Total Tier 1 & 2 ratio: 14.4% (vs RBNZ minimum of 8.0% + 2.5% buffer)
The ANZ.NZ Tier 1 capital ratio has increased in New Zealand over the year, back up to historic recent highs.and no new share capital injection initiative is apparent from the accounts. Total equity has increased to $12,781m, an increase of 0.6% due to an increase retained earnings.
From Note 17 on Subordinated Debt, The ANZ New Zealand operation remains steady with no new notes issued, nor old notes redeemed during the year. Each of the three ANZ New Zealand Capital Notes issues are structured as additional Tier 1 capital for ANZ.NZ.
Page 51 contains detailed notes on just how the ANZ NZ capital is made up. If you use that information and use it to calculate the above ratios, based on a loan book with net loans and advances of $120,529m (from the balance sheet) I calculate the above ratios as follows (total net loans and advances of broken down under Note 13 'Net Loans & Advances'):
Common Equity Tier 1 ratio: $8,727m/$120,529m = 7.2%
Total Tier 1 ratio: $11,505m/$120,529m = 9.5%
Total Tier 1 & 2 ratio: $11,709m/$120,529m = 9.7%
Those figures are a different to those precedingly calculated. That is because the Tier 1 and Tier 2 capital figures have been 'risk adjusted' before they went into my first calculation. The risk adjustment is done because the expected capital recovery from loans -should they go bad- is different among the different classes of loans (corporate, sovereign, bank, retail mortgages and other retail)
SNOOPY
PS Tabulated version of above results
30/09/2017 (risk adj) 30/09/2017 (book value) RBNZ Required Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio 10.7 7.2 4.5+2.5 Total Tier 1 Ratio 14.1 9.5 6.0+2.5 Total Tier 1&2 Ratio 14.4 9.7 8.0+2.5
A multi year picture of capital adequacy is shown below:
FY2012 FY2013 FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 Quoted Common Equity Tier 1 Ratio N/A 10.4% 10.7% 10.5% 10.0% 10.7% Quoted Total Equity Tier 1 Ratio 10.8% 10.8% 11.1% 12.7% 13.2% 14.1% Quoted Total Equity Tier 1 & 2 Ratio 12.5% 12.4% 12.3% 13.6% 13.7% 14.4%
The decline Common Tier 1 equity has been reversed, while other tier 1 (including preference shares) and tier 2 capital continues to strengthen. A response to regulatory authorities to shore up the capital position of the balance sheet?
Under note 25 on capital adequacy:
"Certain instruments issued by the Bank qualify as tier 2 capital instruments subject to phase-out under RBNZ Basel III transition arrangements. Fixing the base at the nominal amount of such instruments outstanding at 31 December 2012, their recognition is capped at 20% of that base from 1 January 2017; and from 1 January 2018 onwards these instruments will not be included in regulatory capital."
So possibly the ANZ in New Zealand is building up its Tier 1 capital in anticipation of losing any 'backing ability' its Tier 2 capital now has?
SNOOPY
It is not possible to invest in ANZ (New Zealand) or UDC from a direct equity perspective. It is possible to invest in the ultimate parent though, and this ANZ in Australia. For convenience of NZ investors, ANZ (Australia) is listed on the NZX. FY2015 is a good base year for comparative purposes. This is because there was a significant cash issue during FY2015 to fix a perceived shortage of capital.
All FY2017 numbers quoted below are from the FY2017 ANZ Annual Report
FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 Reference Normalised Profit (A) $7,117m $7,216m $5,889m $6,938m p23 (Financial Highlights) Shareholder Equity 'Tier 1 Capital' (B) $49,284m $57,353m $57,927m $59,075m p69 (Balance Sheet) Return on Equity (A)/(B) 14.4% 12.6% 10.2% 11.7% calculated Additional 'Tier 1 Capital' (C) $6,004m $7,423m $9,493m $8,452m Summed p98-100 (Subordinated Debt) Total 'Tier 1 Capital' (B)+(C) $55,288m $64,776m $67,390m $67,427m calculated 'Tier 2 Capital' Perpetual Subordinated Notes (D) $1,087m $1,188m $1,190m $1,150m p101 (summed) 'Tier 2 Capital' Dated Subordinated Notes (E) $6,516m $8,398m $11,281m $8,108m p101 (summed) 'Tier 2 Capital' Discount for near dated 2019 notes (F) $0m -$271m -$245m -$241m 2019 notes calculated at 20% 'Tier 2 Capital' Total (D)+(E)+(F) $7,603m $9,315m $12,226m $9,017m calculated Total Capital (Tier+Tier2) (G) $62,891m $74,091m $79,616m $76,444m calculated Return on Total Capital (Tier+Tier2) (A)/(G) 11.3% 9.7% 7.4% 9.1% calculated
That last line in the table is not one you will find in any ANZ report. Yet it is an interesting measure of how much 'equity', in the widest sense of that word, that ANZ management regard as prudent.
If, for a comparative example, you take the equivalent ROTC ('Return On Total Capital') for New Zealand's own 'Heartland Bank': Net Profit $60.808m (excluding other comprehensive income)
Shareholder Equity at EOFY2017 was $569.595m. Tier 2 capital (the sum of the subordinated bonds and notes on issue) totals $14.975m
Then ROTC = $60.808m / ($569.595m + $14.975m) = 10.4%
SNOOPY
Solid result from ANZ Group.
http://news.iguana2.com/macquaries/ASX/ANZ/504566
Well received by the market, so far. Probably an element of relief, considering the on-going Australian angst with banks!
Yeah, good result and a great relief. I hold far too much as a result of being in the DRP for years. Need to sell some to get some balance back.
The following information can be found in UDC's FY2018 annual report.
The 'profit before tax' is listed as $90.779m (p3). But this includes a provision for credit impairment of $10.885m which I would remove to get the picture of ongoing operational performance. So I get EBT of $101.664m.
Now go to note 3 (p11) on interest expense. There is underlying interest over and above what is due to debenture holders of $58.737m.
So total underlying EBIT = $101.664m + $58,737m = $160.401m (+23% on FY2017)
Now turn to page 12 (note 6) and you will see total net loans and advances of: $3,222.430m (an 11% rise on FY2017).
The operating margin ( EBIT/'Total Net Loans and Advances' ) based on the end of year loan balance book is:
$160.401m / $3,222.430m = 4.98%
Put in context, the operating margin over the last few years has gone like this:
Operating Margin FY2018 4.98% FY2017 4.48% FY2016 4.17% FY2015 4.63% FY2014 4.41% FY2013 4.02% FY2012 3.87%
To Summarize: Operating Profit (EBIT) for FY2018 is up strongly, but this is largely due to the much higher interest bill being paid to the ANZ bank, outside of the the interest due to debenture holders. If you look at note 8, you will see that UDC debenture holders have pulled a further $100m out of the company over FY2018 to add to the $500m taken out of the company over FY2017. I see this as a significant loss of confidence by the investing public in UDC continuing. This loss of confidence was perhaps precipitated by an announced sale of UDC to HNA of China, before that deal was pulled because of HNA's opaque ownership. During the year, whike ANZ was waiting for Overseas Investment Office approval for the deal, rating agency Standard & Poor’s downgraded HNA Group’s rating to “B”. This is effectively a “junk” rating, indicating a company faces major ongoing uncertainties about its ability to meet its financial commitments. Since a subsidiary cannot have a higher credit rating than its parent, UDC may have gone into receivership had the HNA takeover gone through.
The credit rating of UDC is now BBB (as assessed by Standard and Poor's) but the negative outlook has now been removed. Nevertheless, this is a very large fall from the AA- rating the company had back in September 2016!
The loss of debenture support has been more than made up by the ANZ bank doubling its own capital support for UDC. In November 2007 this facility was further increased to $2,700m by UDC's owner the ANZ bank, where it remains in September 2018. So ANZ retains the capacity to pay out all the remaining UDC debenture holders! The company is even more dependent on the ANZ bank to obtain borrowing capital for survival (65% of capital backing UDC comes directly from ANZ). UDC has been taken off the 'for sale' list for now.
SNOOPY
Good work, Snoopy, but all a bit redundant now that UDC (ANZ) has announced that it intends to repay all outstanding debentures later this year in favour of "alternative financing". Probably means hat ANZ will increase its support.
Thanks for the update Macduffy. I hadn't seen the 16th Jan 2019 press release you refer to and so went straight to the UDC website.. They have certainly closed the shop door to new customer debentures and given notice that existing customers with will have their debentures redeemed. The door is still a tiny bit open though (my bold):
"If a final decision is made to repay all existing Secured Investments, ..."
And it seems the call account survives.....for now. I presume the 'call account' is secured?
I still think it is worth following UDC though, because they are probably the closest finance company to forum favourite 'Heartland' and it is always useful to have a measuring stick. But if no public money is to be taken in, then UDC becomes a fully contained subsidiary of the ANZ bank. So I guess public reporting will stop, and they will sack the board,
SNOOPY
You are correct in stating UDC is a useful measuring stick for HGH.
I hope ANZ taking it in house does not weaken it.
My thoughts are mixed.I would have liked it to merge with HGH or retained [semi] independant from ANZ.
Being listed would have worked.I am sure NZders would have continued to fund it,but without the ANZ support it was always going to be difficult finding "fair" or "true" value for it.
UDC Heartland EBT Loan Book EBT/Loan Book EBT Loan Book EBT/Loan Book FY2009 $34.024m $1,829.156m 1.86% FY2010 $45.012m $1,968.771m 2.29% FY2011 $46.382m $1,948.552m 2.38% FY2012 $58.476m $2,014.473m 2.90% $29.377m $2,078.276m 1.41% FY2013 $66.787m $2,065.117m 3.23% $36.540m $2,010.376m 1.82% FY2014 $83.501m $2,272.081m 3.68% $57.416m $2,607.393m 2.20% FY2015 $89.750m $2,347.163m 3.82% $76.304m $2,862.070m 2.67% FY2016 $88.835m $2,573.030m 3.45% $87.689m $3,113.957m 2.82% FY2017 $91.639m $2,911.514m 3.15% $99.568m $3,545.897m 2.81% FY2018 $101.664m $3,222.430m 3.15% $116.361m +($1.3-$4.8-$0.6)m $3,984.941m 2.82%
Note:
1/ UDC data for FY2018 is drawn from the 'UDC Finance Annual Report 2018' 'Statement of Comprehensive Income' (EBT) and 'Balance Sheet' (Loan Book Balance).
2/ Heartland Bank data for FY2018 'Statement of Comprehensive Income' (EBT) and 'Statement of Financial Position' (Loan Book Balance).
3/ All EBT figures are before 'credit and impairment charge'.
4/ FY2018 Heartland result adjusted to reflect the before tax effect of a $4.8m gain from a formerly written off property now sold, a $0.6m gain from the sale of the bank invoice finance business and $1.3m in one off adjustment for internal system reintergation costs.
Note that the absolute figures year to year are not comparable between UDC and Heartland. This is because Heartland has a physical branch structure whereas UDC works out of ANZ bank branches. The underlying cost structures of both protagonists are not the same. Furthermore Heartland's balance sheet income earning base is more than just the receivables. The Heartland banking group has investment assets, there is goodwill on the books from high earning acquisitions, there are vehicles owned in lease out deals and rent from investment properties. That sums to 10% more income earning assets than just the receivables. Yet the increasingly higher earnings rate at Heartland now belies the higher cost structure that Heartland must have - impressive for Heartland?
The individual company year on year trend is interesting though. The EBT Margin for UDC continues to decline, even as the Heartland EBT margin continues to increase. After many years they are both converging towards the same value! Is the unusually large increase in the loan book size ('growth any any cost' to pump up a potential company sale price?) at UDC compromising the profitability for UDC going forwards? Given profitability for FY2018 has remained at previous year's lower levels, that could suggest the answer is 'yes'!
SNOOPY
Time to normalise the UDC figures for 2018 so they can be compared more directly with the likes of Heartland Bank. Heartland in FY2018 had selling and administration expenses of $80.433m (Heartland FY2018 report 'Selling & Administration Expenses', note 5). UDC had total operating expenses of $34.838m (UDC Financial Statement 2018, note 4). That is a difference of $45.595m. The two are comparable in that they have a similarly sized loan book (UDC:$3,222.430m, Heartland $3,984.941m). If we add the operating cost difference figure onto the UDC cost structure, what would that do to the UDC operating margin (EBIT where 'I' is the credit facility interest only) on assets?
FY2018: ($160.401 - $45.595 + $6.592) / $3,222.430 = 3.77%
Note: UDC do not have a branch network of their own, but operate through ANZ bank branches in New Zealand. The $6.592m added back represents the adding back of 'fees paid to related parties' (ANZ). These are part of the $45.595m 'extra operating expenses' (calculated above, using figures from Financial Statements 2018 note 4). The $6.592m could be thought of as a contribution to the ANZ branch network that allows UDC to carry on business as normal. But what I am interested in is the difference in operating cost of a finance company with and without a branch network. So this $6.592m which largely reflects a 'branch network allowance payment' must be removed from my comparison.
For Heartland over FY2018 the equivalent calculation of EBIT (where 'I' represents interest paid not connected to debenture holders, and E represents the earnings before write downs) is as follows:
($116.361m+($1.3-$4.8-$0.6)m+$25.380m) / $4,397.350m = 3.13%
This recent year trend in the underlying margin at UDC and Heartland is compared below:
UDC underlying EBIT Margin Heartland underlying EBIT Margin FY2018 3.77% 3.13% FY2017 3.44% 3.18% FY2016 3.07% 3.47% FY2015 3.53% 3.57% FY2014 3.37% 2.66% FY2013 2.58% 2.32%
(Note: I have recalculated the figures from Heartland in relation to past years. This is because I have changed my mind about what Heartland assets on the balance sheet are 'income earning', and produce those Heartland earnings)
In this context, FY2016 looks like a negative aberration for UDC. But the EBIT margin for Heartland is showing a declining pattern over the last four years. When UDC was put up for sale in FY2017, could the earnings figures for UDC have been manipulated upwards over FY2017 in what was in reality a softer market? Just to make UDC's sale prospects look better? 'Earnings' in this context is a special kind of EBIT in which I have eliminated impairment charges. So I have removed the ability to reclassify assets as 'problem assets' in the current year. Although I should note that wouldn't stop UDC taking on more assets (loans) as a whole,- and they might include more problem assets. Even if they were not classified in that way - yet! That will only come out by inspecting the asset provisioning in subsequent years. Yet the ability to manipulate UDC's re-balancing of bank loan to debenture structure remains as an influence this EBIT result. As debenture loans from people on the street are replaced by ANZ in house bank loans, then EBIT goes higher. Because extra interest charges due to ANZ replace what was formerly an 'in house cost'. It is therefore the increasing mismatch between 'in house loans' and 'in house money used to support those loans' (because this implies more bank funding to bridge the gap) that is driving the underlying EBIT for UDC higher in 2017 and 2018.
It strikes me that what I have just shown here is that if you can disregard your external borrowing costs, then your underlying earnings will go up. Well, duh, yeah! Such an edict is so obvious it doesn't need proving. So maybe this post is just a waste of time? Sorry you had to read it! Subsequent to starting this post, I have found out that UDC owner ANZ is paying out all UDC debenture holders this year. As this will increase EBIT, perhaps the moral of the story is that those finance companies that take deposits from the public as less valuable than those that simply use parent bank financing. OTOH such finance companies can only exist on the whim of a parent funding bank. So perhaps the moral is: "Do not use EBIT as a valuation multiple for finance companies!"
SNOOPY
HLB (FY2018) UDC (FY2018) Agriculture Forestry & Fishing: $808.452m (18.9%) $573.893m (17.5%) Mining: $19.222m (0.4%) $19.976m (0.6%) Manufacturing: $70.822m (1.6%) $60.655m (1.8%) Finance & Insurance: $337.241m (7.7%) $66.999m (2.0%) Retail & Wholesale Trade: $238.064m (5.4%) $419.054m (12.8%) Households: $2,105.231m (48.0%) $965.008m (29.4%) Property & Business Services $399..973m (9.1%) $183.128m (5.6%) Transport & Storage: $206.592m (4.7%) $437.710m (13.3%) Other Services: $184.826m (4.2%) $558.206m (17.0%) Total $4,390.423m (100%) $3,293.630m (100%)
Note:
1/ Heartland loans pre impaired asset adjustment. UDC loans post impaired asset adjustment.
The Heartland loan book has grown by 11.6% over FY2018 (ended 30-06-2018), compared to a 10.7% growth over at the UDC loan book over the nearest equivalent period (FY2018 ended 30-09-2018).
Discussion UDC
At UDC, the press release of full year results highlights were:
1/ Motor vehicle lending increasing by $217 million (+18% to $1,200m),
2/ Commercial lending growing by $50 million (+4% to $1,300m) and
3/ Equipment dealer lending was up $12 million (+6% to $200m).
These were the same three category increases that UDC chose to highlight in FY2017, even if the motor vehicle increase was much more modest in percentage terms than FY2017. Curiously those categories do not equate to the category loan disclosures made in the UDC annual report. Yes 'Household Lending' was up by $144m. But Transport and Storage was actually down (again), this time by $5m. So once again, I would guess that most of the increase in motor vehicle loans were made via retail sales at car dealers. The largest dollar increase in any category was for 'Households' , the $144m gain being up 17.6%. 'Household receivables' include private car sales. UDC noted the automotive sector was 'slowing down' and business confidence was lower, a striking juxtaposition to UDC's own experience of motor vehicle loans growing strongly:
1/ A sign of UDC's growing market share in motor vehicle finance?
2/ Or a comment on a slow down in business in the second half of CY2018?
In FY2018 UDC make a big deal of 'construction lending', while Heartland doesn't even give construction a lending category. Construction lending at UDC increased to $451.173m (+10.3%) up from $408.967m. Yet a similar sized increase of $52m (much greater in percentage terms, +14%) happened in 'retail and wholesale'. And this was not mentioned in UDC's press release of results commentary.
Discussion Heartland
Meanwhile at Heartland, on-line lending is highlighted as growing fastest. Heartland's share of the Harmony platform was up 61% to $152m, albeit off a small base. Whether this is indicative of the wider incremental uptake of digital loans via other Heartland digital platforms I am not sure. The much trumpeted wider digital platform achievements of:
1/ helping more kiwis into franchises and
2/ to purchase plant and machinery,
are all subsumed inside wider lending categories. Yet Heartland did report small business lending via the digital base up from $45.4m to $89.9m: a 98% increase (but still only making up 2% of the total overall Heartland business). Of course that 98% increase may include some business loans that would have happened anyway, but were redirected from what would have been paper loan applications.
The proportion of Rural Loans decreased for the first time in five years, now 18.9% of the total - down from 21.3% in FY2017. This is useful in de-risking the Heartland loan book going forwards. And it is consistent with Heartland's announced strategy of moving away from 'larger business and rural relationship lending', to shorter term seasonal lending, like livestock finance. This kind of targeted rural lending will remain a cornerstone of Heartland's business going forwards, along with reverse mortgages (+23% to $1,130m), motor vehicle loans (+16% to $955m) and small business loans (+7% to $1,066m). In contrast to UDC, Heartland see further growth in motor vehicle loans. Heartland also see no impact on their Australian reverse mortgage business from the Australian Federal government starting a domestic reverse mortgage scheme for income supplementation. Yet 20% of existing Heartland reverse mortgages are used to generate extra income! I do hope for shareholders sakes that Heartland are not 'seeing only what they want to see'.
Heartland has, post results, restructured their business to allow the reverse mortgage business in Australia to keep growing outside of its' Heartland Bank company cousin in New Zealand. 'Household Loans' as a whole category grew by 23%, matching the growth of reverse mortgages that now make up more than 50% of 'household loans' category. That is important, as it shows that reverse mortgage growth is being matched by other household loan growth, This largest category growth rate is ahead of what UDC are achieving. UDC grew their household loan book by a still impressive 17% YOY without offering reverse mortgages. The worst performing loan category for Heartland was 'manufacturing' with gross dollar loans falling by 7.5%, compared to a small increase at UDC. In both cases we are talking about less than 2% of all receivables - not material to either companies' annual result. Evidence that New Zealand is progressing further down the path of a 'post manufacturing' era?
Risk Concentration Assessment
My overall impression of comparing these two protagonists are that they are becoming more alike. The stand out differences of UDC highlighting $450m worth of 'construction lending' and having $200m more invested in both the 'transport and storage' and 'retail and wholesale', while Heartland has a fast growing platform of $1.1billion in equity release loans, notwithstanding. The greatest risk aggregation for both protagonists is in the 'household'/'personal and other services' category. But these loans are geographically diverse and cover a multitude of needs. The largest sub category in this is 'Australian Reverse Mortgages' at Heartland, which totalled $NZ677m at balance date. That is just over 15% of Heartland's loan book. But those loans are spread all over Australia, the largest concentrations being 25% in Sydney and 18% in Melbourne. The Sydney HER market represents just 4% of Heartland's total loan book, not enough to cause concern. My main area of concern at Heartland last year, of excessive lending on land to dairy farmers in particular, has been addressed.
SNOOPY
PGW has the largest % exposure to rural.
Since 2017 HGH rural exposure has reduced from $679.1 mil to $660.5 mil in 2018,while their overall loan book has grown .
The average rural loan size has been reducing from $252,500 in 2013 to $174,400 in 2018.
The term of rural loans has reduced from 53 months in 2013, to 43 months in 2018.
A very different picture from the one you paint.
Since PGW is a rural servicing company, that statement is undoubtedly true. But what about rural financing? PGW would claim that they don't do that any more, having sold off PGG Wrightson finance to Heartland a few years ago. But we PGW shareholders know that the new 'Go Lamb' and 'Go Beef' finance schemes for livestock is PGW Finance recreated in all but name. The loan balance of 'Go Product' was $39.4m in aggregate at balance date. Compared to the PGW asset base of $537.1m, this is 7.3% of all assets.
That means in terms of farm lending, Heartland is still far more exposed than PGG Wrightson, by more than a factor of two.
I did put a note in my post that it was a 'work in progress' when you read it Percy. But obviously it wasn't prominent enough. The text you are referring to relates to the previous year. And as you rightly say, things have now turned the corner for Heartland and those difficult rural loans. My offending post has now been rewritten!Quote:
Since 2017 HGH rural exposure has reduced from $679.1 mil to $660.5 mil in 2018,while their overall loan book has grown .
The average rural loan size has been reducing from $252,500 in 2013 to $174,400 in 2018.
The term of rural loans has reduced from 53 months in 2013, to 43 months in 2018.
A very different picture from the one you paint.
SNOOPY
Updating the actual bad debt write offs in relation to the size of the loan book at the end of FY2019. Section 7 in the UDC 2018 Financial Statements is named "Provision for Credit Impairment". Below, bad debts actually written off are compared against the 'provision for loan impairment' stated on page 3, the 'Statement of Comprehensive Income'.
UDC Bad Debt Write Off (Note 7: Provision for Credit Impairment) New Annual Bad Debt Provision (Income Statement) FY2014 -$3,300m +$18.633m = $15.333m $11.733m FY2015 -$0.659m + $12.162m= $11.503m $10.427m FY2016 -$1.297m + $11.055m = $9.753m $7.418m FY2017 $2.860m + $7.698m = $10.558m $5.929m FY2018 $2.196m + $6.679m = $8.875m $10.885m
Actual write offs look to be in a range of $10m to $12m,
UDC Write Offs
Putting these 'actual write offs' as a percentage of the end of year loan book gives them better context Note that:
1/ the 'actual write offs' are found in the annual change of the holding provision for bad debts (note 7 'Provision for Credit Impairment' AR2018) and do not directly correspond to the top up expenses for this provision that may be found in each annual income statement.
2/ the denominator in the following calculation is the 'carrying value' of the Net Loans and Advances, This has already been adjusted for the provision for credit impairment, unearned income and deferred fee revenue and expenses.
FY2014: $15.133m/$2,272.081m = 0.666%
FY2015: $11.503m/$2,347.163m = 0.490%
FY2016: $9.753m/$2,573.030m = 0.379%
FY2017: $10.558m/$2,911.514m = 0.363%
FY2018: $8.875m/$3,222.430m = 0.275%
For FY2018 UDC the spectacularly low percentage of loan write offs continues.
Heartland Write Offs
For comparative purposes, it is informative to look 'over the fence' to Heartland Bank. See Note 6 ('Impaired Asset Expense' AR2018) to see the current year 'asset expense' calculation. Note that unlike UDC, Heartland writes off uncollectible debts or part debts directly from each annual profit result. In the calculation below, I have normalized these against the 'total finance receivables'. 'Total finance receivables' are already adjusted for any provision for impairment and the present value estimate of future losses (AR2018, Note 11 'Finance Receivables').
FY2012: $5.642m/ $2,078.3m = 0.271%
FY2013: $22.527m/ $2,010.4m = 1.12%
FY2014: $5.895m/ $2,607.4m = 0.226%
FY2015: $12.105m/ $2,862.1m = 0.423%
FY2016: $13.501m/ $3,114.0m = 0.434%
FY2017: $15.015m/ $3,546.0m = 0.423%
FY2018: $22.067m/ $3,984.9m = 0.554%
Summarizing and comparing the above information:
UDC Debt Write Off Heartland Debt Write Off FY2014 0.666% 0.226% FY2015 0.490% 0.423% FY2016 0.379% 0.434% FY2017 0.363% 0.423% FY2018 0.275% 0.554%
The question that rears its ugly head from the above data table is as follows:
Why is the impairment percentage so much lower for UDC in FY2017/FY2018 compared with UDC's past year results? Perhaps we had two really low impairment years? But if that was true, might we not expect a similar reduction in impaired loans over the same time period from the closely comparative Heartland?
A Change in Standards
IFRS 9 is a a new accounting standard, not yet adopted by UDC nor Heartland when their respective FY2018 accounts were published. IFRS 9 requires impairment losses to be provisioned for loans as they are taken out, based on ECL (Expected Credit Loss) rates. A retrospective loss due to already embedded loans, bumping up the 'impaired loan' balance, will be taken on the balance sheet of each company as follows (best estimate published);
Higher Impairment Aggregate EOFY Impairment Balance Implied Increase Increase in Deferred Tax Asset Net Effect on Balance Sheet UDC $11.4m $34.568m +33% $3.2m $8.2m Heartland $20m-$25m $32.495m +62%-77% $6m-$7m $14m-$18m
From this, it looks like UDC really do believe their loan book is only half as risky as that of Heartland.
Skullduggery or not?
UDC was put up for sale over the FY2017 financial year (before FY2017 accounts were published) but withdrawn from sale in FY2018 (after financial accounts were published). It would have been helpful to show the accounts in their best possible light leading up to any sale. So were the impairments at UDC for FY2017/FY2018 really that much lower? Or has some 'window dressing' gone on here? The sale of UDC has been put on indefinite ice, from 31st October 2018 (after balance date). So it will take until the FY2019 result at best for any 'window dressing', should it exist, at UDC to unwind.
SNOOPY
In my previous post on this thread, I have looked at 'impairment expenses' and 'impairment provision expenses'. But now I wish to turn my attention to include that period before an impaired loan becomes that way, and the accumulated 'impairment provision' itself. This means, I will look at loans that are vulnerable -those in danger of becoming impaired. In an ideal world, there might be no point in doing this exercise. We might expect vulnerable loans to come and go exactly like impaired loans, as the loan climate waxes and wanes. But in this non-ideal world I feel that we might learn something from looking deeper. Let's see....
UDC Vuknerable Loans
Finance companies have their own internal way of grading loans on their books. Within UDC note 10d (page 18 UDC Financial Statements for FY2018), lists the 'internal risk grading' of the all the loan assets on the balance sheet on a scale of 0 to 9. On this scale, 0 is the 'lowest risk' while 9 means a 'default'. I have added together loan classes 6 and above, a collection of loans for which I have coined the term 'vulnerable'.
UDC Vulnerable Loans Judgement Total Grade 6+ 2012 $975.744m +$80.745m +$55.403m $1,111.892m 2013 $1,157.111m +$83.790m +$24.814m $1,265.715m 2014 $811.700m +$92.366m +$34.883m $938.949m 2015 $904.338m +$81.156m +$32.640m $1,018.134m 2016 $1,127.677m +$96.727m +$17.657m $1,242.061m 2017 $1,201.747m +$133.791m +$11.618m $1,347.156m 2018 $1,221.379m +$111.290m +$16.780m $1,349.449m
The grade 6 and 'more risky' categories for EOY2018 added up represents a fraction of the total loans outstanding as follows:
$1,349.449m / $3,319.198m = 40.7% of total loan assets.
The offsetting accumulated 'impairment provision' on the books, not yet removed from the above total, is $34.568m (note 10d). This impairment provision represents:
$34.568m/$1,349.449m = 2.56% of UDC 'Vulnerable Assets'.
Heartland Vulnerable Loans
For comparative purposes it is interesting to see what happens when we derive the same statistics for Heartland bank. The situation is not strictly comparable, because Heartland has a different 'two box' credit risk system. The first box houses the so called 'Individual Behavioural Loans'. Behavioural loans consist of consumer and retail receivables, usually relating to the financing of a single asset.
There exists a second box of Heartland loans termed 'Judgement Loans' which are graded on the 1-9 system. Grade 1 represents a 'Very Strong' loan. Grade 9 represents a loan 'At Risk of Loss'. Grade 6 represents a loan that bank staff management should 'monitor'. A 'Judgement loan' within Heartland consists mainly of business and rural lending, including non-core property, where an ongoing and detailed working relationship has been developed.
The grade 6 and 'more risky' categories of 'Judgement Loans' plus the equivalently vulnerable 'Behavioural Loans' sum up to a total amount of what I define as Heartland 'Vulnerable Loans'.
Heartland Vulnerable Loans Behavioural Judgement Total Arrangement Non Performing Repossession Recovery Grade 6+ 2012 $13.750m $4.386m $2.740m $185.315m +$53.360m +$14.036m +$13.741m $287.118m 2013 $8.416m $2.226m $1.936m $198.370m +$18.034m +$21.518m +$27.761m $278.051m 2014 $7.571m $2.113m $2.113m $165.776m +$14.833m +$13.520m +$3.412m $159.338m 2015 $15.855m $3.087m $3.687m $99.849m +$14.937m +$4.514m +$7.082m $149.011m 2016 $14.923m $6.507m $7.171m $125.902m +$20.434m +$16.904m +$12.188m $204.029m 2017 $18.512m $4.956m $4.889m $166.155m +$27.669m +$16.749m +$2.556m $241.486m 2018 $46.728m $5.670m $5.490m $145.706m +$22.958m +$23.920m +$6.515m $256.987m
'Vulnerable Loans' for FY2018 represent a fraction of the total loans outstanding as follows:
$256.987m / $3,984.981m = 7.14% of total loan assets.
Impairment $29.671m (AR2018, Note 20a) has already been taken onto the book over the years. Add to this a reverse mortgage fair value adjustment of $2.824m. This total impairment of $32.495m represents
$32.495m / $256.987m = 12.6% of 'Vulnerable Loans'..
Comparing the Protagonists
A summarized comparative table between UDC (Year ending 30th September) and Heartland (Year ending 30th June) is below:
UDC Heartland Impaired Loans (A) Grade 6+ Loans [total Vulnerable](B) (A)/(B) Total Loans (C) (A)/(C) Impaired Loans (A) Total Vulnerable Loans (B) (A)/(B) Total Loans (C) (A)/(C) 2012 $38.481m $1,111.892m 3.46% $2,141,780m 1.79% $27.426m $287.118m 9.55% $2,105.702m 1.30% 2013 $37.460m $1,265.765m 2.95% $2,198,653m 1.70% $50.491m $278.051m 18.24% $2,060.867m 2.45% 2014 $31.805m $938,899m 3.38% $2,375.936m 1.34% $24.381m $159.338m 15.3% $2,651.754m 0.919% 2015 $31.529m $1,018,134m 3.10% $2,461.224m 1.28% $31.654m $149.011m 21.2% $2,893.724m 1.09% 2016 $28.909m $1,242.061m 2.33% $2,684.750m 1.08% $26.148m $204.029m 12.8% $3,140.106m 0.833% 2017 $29.278m $1,347.156m 2.17% $3,005.059m 0.974% $29.716m $241.486m 12.3% $3,575.613m 0.831% 2018 $34.568m $1,349.499m 2.56% $3,318.198m 1.04% $32.535m $256.987m 12.7% $4,017.436m 0.810%
Lot's of numbers here, so what does it all mean? I will start by defining the building blocks of my argument:
1/ 'Impaired Loans' is a judgement call on a portion of certain loans that have probably gone bad. 'Impaired Loans' is a provision in the accounts. When all hope of fully collecting such a loan is lost, then the appropriate 'impairment expense' is deducted from that provision and our financial institution moves on. 'Impaired Loans', which by definition are still on the books, must of necessity be measured by bank managers judgement. By contrast, an 'Impairment Expense' is a definitively measurable transaction.
2/ 'Vulnerable Loans' reflect those same bank managers judgments, even though most vulnerable loans are (as yet?) not impaired.. I feel it is fair to make a 'like with like' comparison between management's judgement at a transition level (Vulnerable Loans) with the same managers making a judgement of loans in a deeper level of distress (Impaired Loans).
The impaired loans as a percentage of total loans ( A/C in the table above ) appear similar for both protagonists, especially in more recent years. I would give a slight edge to Heartland here in having fewer impaired loans, although it might be a margin-of-error difference. However the subset of 'impaired loans' is a much smaller proportion of 'vulnerable loans' at UDC compared to Heartland. Could this be because UDC has a much smaller staff and so has to resort to a broader scattergun automated process in assessing how vulnerable their loans are? Whereas at Heartland there is more ongoing human contact with borrowers, so the loans that are vulnerable are easier to spot? If that is true of UDC, then marking more loans as vulnerable has not seen a comparative consummate reduction in the percentage of loans that become impaired. Is this a vindication of a more human interaction rich approach at Heartland? And if that is true will Heartland's move to more 'digital platform' lending see Heartland's percentage of impaired loans rise in the future? Perhaps the benefit of having a 'branch structure' throughout the country are not a 'last century' as some in Heartland management think?
In any event I feel that comparing numbers across columns is not the way to go. Differences across columns are just as likely to reflect inherent differences between two businesses, and not differences in performance. What we investors need to be looking at is consistency down the columns. And if consistency is not observed, then we need to figure out "Why not?" Looking down the A/B and A/C columns, I do see a trend of fewer impaired loans from vulnerable loans over the years. And fewer impaired loans out of all loans. That is a sign that both company's management are steadily getting better at doing their jobs. And that has to be good for both UDC debenture holders and Heartland shareholders.
SNOOPY
Time for my annual 'disentanglement' of ANZ.NZ from its UDC subsidiary. The ANZ.NZ is the largest bank in New Zealand. That means the way the bank behaves has significant implications for all investors in NZ, not just ANZ group shareholders and UDC debenture holders.
The information I need about the ANZ bank in New Zealand can be found here:
https://www.anz.co.nz/about-us/media...r-information/
UDC and ANZ New Zealand have the same balance date. So it is legitimate to work out the distribution of loans on their respective books using 30th September end of year data. First I need to:
1/ Slightly rearrange the ANZ (NZ) categories (ANZ September 30th 2018 Bank Disclosure Statement, p32) so that they link up to those listed in the UDC FY2018 Financial Statements. THEN
2/ I need to subtract the UDC equivalent figures (page 18, UDC FY2018 Financial Statements) to get the underlying ANZ bank figure.
(Note: Receivables for UDC in industry groups are listed after provisions for credit impairment are taken into account. OTOH, receivables for ANZ.NZ industry groups are listed before allowances for credit impairment are taken into account. This means the UDC figures are lower than they would be on a 'like for like' comparative figure basis. However the error is only 1.0% overall, not enough to undo the validity of this exercise in my judgement)
The results are below:
All ANZ.NZ = UDC + Underlying ANZ.NZ Agriculture forestry, fishing and mining: $20,936m (11.3%) $594m (18.1%) $20,342m (11.2%) Business and property services: $35,501m (19.2%) $183m (5.6%) $35,318m (19.5%) Construction: $3,092m (1.7%) $451m (13.7%) $2,641m (1.5%) Electricity Gas Water & Waste: $3,309m (1.8%) $15m (0.5%) $3,294m (1.8%) Finance and insurance: $19,324m (10.5%) $67m (2.0%) $19,257m (10.6%) Government and local authority: $12,868m (7.0%) $0.377m (0.0%) $12,868m (7.1%) Manufacturing: $4,764m (2.6%) $61m (1.9%) $4,703m (2,6%) Personal & Other lending: $75.796m (41.0%) $1,055m (32.1%) $74,741 (41.2%) Retail and Wholesale: $7,195m (3.9%) $419m (12.8%) $6,776m (3.7%) Transport and storage: $2,126m (1.1%) $438m (13.3%) $1,688m (0.9%) Total: $184,911m (100%) $3,293m (100%) $181,628m (100%)
As was the case last year, the loan allocation of ANZ.NZ with UDC removed, is little different the loan allocation of the whole of ANZ.NZ. This is no surprise. The whole of the UDC loan book is only 1.8% of the ANZ.NZ loan book. And ANZ.NZ itself (which you cannot invest in directly) is only a fraction of the whole ANZ operation, which is the ANZ vehicle listed on the NZX. However, the converse is not true.
UDC is very different from ANZ.NZ. In sector allocation percentage terms:
1/ the Agricultural exposure of UDC is 60% higher,
2/ 'Construction' and 'Transport and Storage' exposure are up by a multiple of 8, AND
3/ 'Retail and Wholesale' exposure are higher by a factor of 3.
The volatility of these three 'industry groupings' is testament to UDC being a much greater investment risk than any investment in ANZ itself.
The following inter-year table shows how UDC is funded by its 100% owner ANZ
UDC: Backing For Loans FY2014 FY2015 FY2016 FY2017 FY2018 UDC Shareholder Capital $341.412m (15.6%) $365.462m (14.6%) $423.247m (16.2%) $485.645m (16.7%) $550.944m (17.0%) ANZ Committed Credit Facility (Note 8) $280.000m (12.8%) $395.000m (15.8%) $595.000m (22.8%) $1,385,027m (47.6%) $1,762.003m (54.3%) Debenture Investments From Public (Note 8) $1,569.247m (71.6%) $1,736.026m (69.5%) $1,591.711m (61.0%) $1,039.133m (35.7%) $931,280m (28.7%)
There is a very significant change happening over the last two years, with the role of debenture holders in funding UDC much reduced as the ANZ parent seemingly looks to take over that role. It was confirmed in January 2019 that ANZ plans to pay out all UDC debenture holders over 2019.
SNOOPY
At the end of FY2015, UDC dined out on a glossy prospectus as the iconic provider of equipment across all New Zealand industry sectors. But shortly after this, the owner, ANZ Bank, decided to trim its corporate branches. UDC was one branch ear marked for the chop. The FY2018 UDC annual report was reduced to a comment less rough looking black and white e-document, designed to repel future investors, while still meeting legal requirements. I think it is fair comment to say that the failed sales process for UDC has become an embarrassment for the ANZ Bank. The solution seems to be to take UDC completely 'in house', stop the charade of UDC being seen as 'independent', while hoping the public forgets about the whole failed disposal, Yet this outcome was unknown if we wind the clock back to 2015. With pressure on the ANZ to improve its capital ratio, there was a real chance that ANZ could unload some of their risky account receivables by selling UDC. So how did ANZ plan to rejig the 'account receivable' balance so that the ANZ parent could get maximum benefit from a UDC sale?
Year to year, we don't see much difference. But this comparison, across three years, does highlight some significant changes. The UDC loan book has grown by 35%, well up on the ANZ.NZ parent growth of just 3.9%. Have ANZ taken the opportunity to guide some of their less desirable loans into the UDC disposal bin? In gross dollar terms, all significant sectors at UDC are higher, except for Finance & Insurance and Manufacturing. Could the fact that ANZ have seen fit to keep more of 'Finance & Insurance' and 'Manufacturing' 'in parent house' mean that this is where the ANZ sees the best growth opportunities for NZ, and itself, going forwards? Returning to the UDC rubbish bin theory, by far the biggest increase in the UDC portfolio was 'personal loans and other lending'. 'Personal loans and other lending' is a very large catch all bucket. I guess a lot of that could relate to small business lending, where proprietors put up their own home as collateral. I wonder if ANZ see this lending as relatively unprofitable and/or difficult to administer? If you look down the 'All ANZ.NZ' column they are now doing $10b less of it.
SNOOPY
What is a 'Stressed Loan'? For the purpose of this discussion, I have a special definition.
Stressed Loan Definition UDC Heartland 1/ Take loan total from categories 7 and 8 a/ Take loans at least 90 days past due. 2/ add 'Default' loans b/ add Loans individually impaired. c/ add Restructured assets. (*) 3/ less Provision(s) for Credit Impairment{s) d/ less Provision(s) for Credit Impairment(s) 4/ equals 'Total Stressed Loans' e/ equals 'Total Stressed Loans''
(*). (Note that from FY2017 ' Restructured Assets' are now not reported on separately by Heartland.)
A 'Stressed Loan' can be thought of as a kind of 'Vulnerable Loan', as previously described (my post 352), but with the Impairment provision taken out. There is no overlap between a 'stressed loan', as defined here, and the amount of money written off each year in bad debts. But yes, 'Stressed Loans' are very much a judgement call by management.
They may
1/ recover,
2/ stay stressed or
3/ have to be impaired and later written off.
As a shareholder in either ANZ (owner of UDC) or Heartland:
1/ I would hope that management would have a robust process that identifies problem loans before they have to be written off.
2/ So as a shareholder, I would hope such loans were seen as 'stressed' before being classified as 'impaired' and certainly before an actual write off was declared.
How does one check that this is what happens in reality? One way could be to look at the 'stressed loans' for both companies on an annual trending basis and see how this compares with the equivalent annual trend in write offs.
Heartland
The column (W) lists the actual dollar amount in bad debts written off over that period, as detailed in AR2018 note 20e.
The key point to note here is that the 'impaired loan expense' / 'write offs' (represented by letter 'W' in each case) only occur:
1/ when the impaired portion of the loan has gone through the whole loan review system'. AND
2/ when a loan repayment has been missed, or a non payment is imminent
Heartland Date 'Stressed' Loans on the books (X) Net Financial Receivables (Impairments deducted) (Y) (X)/(Y) Write Offs (W) Gross Financial Receivables (Z) (W)/(Z) EOFY2013 $48.074m $2,010.376m 2.39% $6.679m+$1.081m $2,060.867m 0.377% EOFY2014 $43.354m $2,607.393m 1.66% $35.258m+$3.260m $2,631.754m 1.46% EOFY2015 $32.824m $2,862.070m 1.15% $1.555m+$1.910m $2,893.724m 0.120% EOFY2016 $32.894m $3,113.957m 1.06% $12.010m+$6.653m $3,140.105m 0.594% EOFY2017 $34.490m $3,545.896m 0.973% $2.140m+$9.531m $3,575.613m 0.327% EOFY2018 $43.278m $3,984.941m 1.06% $4.546m+$14.924m $4,017.436m 0.485%
Note: During FY2016 'Heartland New Zealand Limited' and 'Heartland Bank Limited' combined into a single listed entity.
UDC
I have redefined the 'Total Financial Assets' as listed in note 10d to be 'Net Financial Receivables', because they have already had their 'Provision for Credit Impairment' deducted (netted off).
UDC Date 'Stressed' Loans on the books (X) Net Financial Receivables (Impairments deducted) (Y) (X)/(Y) Impaired Asset Expense (W) Gross Financial Receivables (Z) (W)/(Z) EOFY2014 $95.364m $2,344.131m 4.07% $15.333m $2,375.936m 0.645% EOFY2015 $82.267m $2,429.695m 3.39% $11.503m $2,461.224m 0.467% EOFY2016 $85.475m $2,655.841m 3.22% $9.753m $2,684.750m 0.363% EOFY2017 $116.131m $2,975.781m 3.90% $10.558m $3,005.059m 0.351% EOFY2018 $93.502m $3,283.630m 2.85% $8.875m $3,318.198m 0.268%
Note: The 'impaired asset expense' in the table above is NOT the same as the 'credit provision charge' in the UDC income statement. The former is the cash taken off the books in a calendar year because certain impaired assets have been completely or partially written off. The credit provision charge is an annual adjustment to the 'provision for impairment'.
Discussion
I will preface this discussion by saying that, in previous years, I have made a bit of a hash of things in my tabulated calculations above. Some of this hash was because I have now changed my mind on what ingredients made up the final number. But my major mistake was made looking at UDC There I added "Collective Provision charge to the Statement of Comprehensive Income" (effectively a cash charge as I see it now) to the 'Individual provision bad debts written off' (also a cash charge) without changing the sign of the latter. The latter had a negative sign in front of it - because it was shown in the 'Provision of Credit Impairment' Note as reducing a provision. Absolutely correct, nothing wrong with that presentation. But I wanted to use that figure in a different context of 'cash movement'. 'Individual provision bad debts written off' represents cash out during the year and so does any charge made to the 'Statement of Comprehensive Income' for the year. I should have added these two 'cash out' numbers together, and now I have done just that, I should conclude by saying that, despite these errors, the general thrust of my previous argument has not been affected.
I ended last year's discussion expressing my doubts about the ever decreasing write-off rate at UDC, while the 'stressed loans' did not show such a trend. We are now at the end of FY2018 and the write off rate has dropped again, although this time the stressed loan count is down as well. We mammals like to look for correlations. But I am going to put forward an alternative explanation as to why the 'stressed loans' and 'write offs' should not be correlated. Suppose, as the owner of UDC, you wanted to sell it and were keen for the business to be marketed in the best possible light. Would it not be sensible to really cast your eye more closely that usual over the stressed loan portfolio? That way you could bring about more early interventions to make sure not as many 'stressed' loans became 'distressed'. The counter argument to that is: Why would you wait for a whole of business sale to implement a best practice policy? And isn't it equally important to focus on stopping the unstressed part of the loan book becoming stressed at any time? Wouldn't any decent manager do all this anyway? The UDC sale, in one form or another, was very much on the table during FY2018. So I think it is still too early to say if the lower write off expenses at UDC can be sustained. My critical eye remains on UDC in this regard.
In the case of Heartland, the 'stressed loan' percentage went down with a thump as Heartland extracted itself from its legacy property problems over FY2013 and FY2014.. Stressed loans have reached a plateau of about 1%. The actual write offs at Heartland were very high in FY2014, and that year should be seen as an outlier. There is a pattern of up and down years (highs and lows correcting each other over time?) averaging some 0.45%. This contrasts with the monotonic decline at UDC
The UDC stressed loans look floats around at 4% of the total. This is much higher than Heartland. But this could be due to the nature of the business rather than management incompetence. UDC loans are perhaps more heavily weighted towards 'working equipment' which may not have much 'fire sale' value during a business downturn. Yet I would have expected more diligence from Heartland, simply because they have more staff. The Heartland pattern of reducing 'write offs' coupled with reducing 'stressed loans' does make a more plausible narrative than what is happening at UDC.
SNOOPY
Big day for Aussie banks today with the Royal Commission Report coming out
Some say the shorters of banking stocks could get hurt
And yet , from the AFR
Opinion
Shorting the big four banks: widow-maker no more?
https://www.afr.com/news/economy/sho...0190203-h1asf7 (only the first paragraph for free)
PURSUIT OF POSSIBLE MISCONDACT:
Hayne referses cases to APRA and ASIC
CBA - "Conflicted remuneration"
AMP - For outsourcing services on insurance
IIML (IOOF) - Failed best interest of members
Suncorp -- (didnt see)
FREEDOM - Unsconsciounable conduct
YOUi - Breaching duty of good faith
Allianz - 3x for Misleading deceptive conduct
NAB - CEO + Chair critices
Will probably affect NZ in due course .....like getting credit will be tougher as responsible lending regime really kicks in
Yes. The responsible lending regime will make it harder for average borrowers. Some people were complaining to the Commission that banks were irresponsible for lending them money. So at least there'll be fewer complaints.
Lots of things to like in the Hayne report. I never understood what mortgage brokers did and why people didn't just deal directly with the bank. Looks like Hayne's recommendations will likely push all this business back the banks' way.
Well done! I'm barely past the introduction of the 560 page report!Quote:
Lots of things to like in the Hayne report
;)
Easy debt has been used to prop up a big part of the economy. I wonder if there will be another gfc on the horizon
Unsettling story of a person, with part time work, borrowing to fund a holiday to Europe. Makes for uncomfortable reading...
https://www.smh.com.au/business/bank...03-p50vfw.html
Based on my experience it already is. 20 months ago the bank i'm with provided a pre-approval. It lapsed and the bank would then only agree to $170k less. Same main job and higher equity, and the wife working an extra day a week and they won't lend to their original pre-approval value. They are trying to get total lending down based on income concerns when there is a heap of equity (not just 20%).
[QUOTE=Scrunch;746153]Based on my experience it already is. 20 months ago the bank i'm with provided a pre-approval. It lapsed and the bank would then only agree to $170k less. Same main job and higher equity, and the wife working an extra day a week and they won't lend to their original pre-approval value. They are trying to get total lending down based on income concerns when there is a heap of equity (not just 20%)
https://www.consumerprotection.govt....r-finance-act/
Yeah, I’m finding the same thing, there’s definitely more focus on serviceability rather than equity at the moment
Yeah, but the Government is trying to protect us all. The Government is like our mother and father and we're like its children. So even if no one can actually get a loan and the economy screeches to a halt, if it stops just one person taking on debt for say that Honda 125 scooter that they can't repay easily (because life shouldn't be about struggle) then it will be worth it.
Making people jump through hoops; regulating voluntary transactions and then putting more regulation on that regulation (and maybe some more after that) makes me sleep better at night...
F-yeah! ANZ up 4%. ANZ is my last chunky overweight investment that got out of hand because of years in the DRP. DRPs get out of control after awhile like triffids. I was feeling "nervous" before the Hayne report came out.
I've never really understood brokers - and how a whole industry appeared out of almost nowhere in the past 10-15 years.
Having said that we used a broker recently and ironically ended up with ANZ, who I bank with. Broker was pretty useless/slow and took numerous emails to get anything done, including fix rates, while having a couple of months paying floating. But apart from the 4% 1yr deal recently, what we got was much better than being advertised. The question being could I have got those myself...…
Oh and the other question......how much are the trailing commissions...…..?? :confused:
I think you've answered the first point yourself, Bob. Perhaps people use mortgage brokers because they think the broker will get a better deal than they could obtain themselves. Or, just to save the hassle!
:)
'cept that Honda 125 allowed them to get a job in some slightly further away place which meant they could repay easily and pay tax on their earnings.
Its their risk and by that I mean the bankers and the borrowers let them do it if they want to.
Quite frankly that story I saw recently about the couple suing the bank because they loaned them money which subsequently became too much, just sickens me. They completed the loan application and if they said they only needed so much to live then the bank should be able to rely on that.
I'm not saying bankers are perfect and in fact they tend to lend you an umbrella on a sunny day and want it back when it rains but it is private commerce!!